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The number of cameras on the vehicle refers to the on-board cameras that are installed to perform various configuration functions. According to the classification of installation parts, the cameras can be divided into five categories: front camera, surround view camera, rear view camera, side view camera and built-in camera.

The front camera is mainly used for collision avoidance, lane departure warning, traffic sign recognition and other functions. The surround view camera is used for parking view, the rear view camera is used for rear view, the side view camera is used for blind spot monitoring, and the built-in camera is used for fatigue reminder. It is worth noting that the driving recorder is not an intelligent hardware device and is not included in this list.

Ultrasonic radar is one of the most common sensor devices in automotive radar systems. It works by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic waves are sent through a transmitter and a receiver receives the reflected waves, then the distance is calculated by measuring the time difference between sending and receiving the signal.

Ultrasonic radars are used to measure obstacles on the road and are usually installed on the front and rear bumpers of a car to measure obstacles in the front and rear of the car. A reversing radar is called a UPA and its detection distance is usually between 15 and 250 cm.

Another ultrasonic radar called an APA is installed to measure side obstacles. The detection distance of an APA is usually between 30 and 500 cm. The frequency of the ultrasound affects the sensitivity and detection angle. Ultrasonic radars with a higher frequency have greater sensitivity but a smaller detection angle in the horizontal and vertical directions.

Automatic parking systems use ultrasonic radars to measure the distance to an object. A typical APA system is 12 ultrasonic radars, consisting of 4 UPAs at the front and rear, and 4 APAs at the left and right. Some manufacturers have begun to combine ultrasonic radars with surround view cameras to improve the parking success rate of the automatic parking system.

Millimeter wave radars are different from ultrasonic radars in that they send and receive electromagnetic waves instead of mechanical waves. Millimeter wave radars have stronger directivity and better detection efficiency than ultrasonic radars. They can accurately detect the relative position of obstacles and have a longer detection range, which ranges from 0 to 300 meters.

However, millimeter wave radars have disadvantages such as limitations in transmission power, detection distance, antenna placement, and detection angle. This makes it difficult for millimeter wave radars with large angles and long ranges to operate.

In the automotive field, millimeter wave radars are divided into three categories: long-range LRR, medium-range MRR, and short-range CRR.

In March 2020, Waymo released its fifth-generation autonomous driving system solution by upgrading millimeter wave radar to 4D imaging radar. This made it possible to apply 4D millimeter wave radar technology to cars. In 2021, Huawei will launch a high-resolution 4D millimeter-wave radar and plans to start mass production in the second half of 2022. This will lead to increased interest in 4D millimeter-wave radar.

Car air conditioners usually have two types of control: manual and automatic. Manual air conditioners allow you to adjust the temperature and volume of cold/hot air manually, while automatic air conditioners can automatically adjust the temperature inside the car.

The functions of the automatic air conditioner include automatic regulation of the temperature and humidity in the cabin, control of the operating mode and volume of air exchange, and control of the recirculation and air supply modes. The electronic control unit allows the air conditioning system to operate automatically according to the settings made by the driver or passengers using the buttons on the air conditioning display control panel, and to adjust the temperature and air supply speed in a timely manner according to the signals from various sensors.

The automatic air conditioner can also be set to economy operation to reduce the operating time of the refrigeration compressor when the outside temperature is close to the set inside temperature. The comprehensive display function on the air conditioner display control panel can display the current set temperature, indoor and outdoor temperatures, air supply speed, recirculated air and supply air outlet status, and air operation mode, allowing the driver to easily understand the operation of the air conditioning system.

Finally, the automatic air conditioner also has fault detection and safety functions, allowing the electronic control unit to judge the system status and enter a fail-safe state when a fault occurs, preventing the problem from spreading further.

Rear independent air conditioning is a feature that allows you to set the temperature in the rear of the cabin separately from the temperature in the front, as well as adjust the air volume. In some high-end models, an independent rear air conditioner is added to maximize passenger comfort. Air outlets for the rear air conditioner are usually located behind the front seat center armrest, under the front seat, on the roof, B-pillar, and C-pillar. The rear air conditioner control may be located behind the front center armrest, on the rear center armrest, or on the rear touchscreen, depending on the vehicle model.

The rear seat air outlet is an opening that allows you to control the air conditioning in the rear of the vehicle. It is usually located behind the center armrest of the front seat and in the B-pillar area. It is a solution to the problem of uneven distribution of heat and cold between the front and rear passengers on the car air conditioner.

The air outlet allows all the passengers in the car to enjoy the air conditioning function and can be closed if you want to turn off the front row air conditioner or the rear row air conditioner. These openings can also meet the needs of passengers with different body types, as the outlets can be adjusted to suit the individual preferences of each passenger.

Temperature zone control means that the air conditioner in the car can regulate the temperature in different zones, allowing the driver and passengers to have a more comfortable temperature. Usually, air conditioners in cars have a two-zone control, which allows the driver and front passenger to be controlled separately. However, there are also three-zone and four-zone controls, which allow the temperature to be regulated in different zones for the driver, front and rear passengers. Temperature zone control helps to ensure maximum comfort for all passengers in the car, especially if there are people with different levels of heat perception.

A car air purifier is a device that is used to clean the air inside a car from various pollutants such as toxic gases, bacteria, viruses, etc. It is usually built into the air conditioning system or located in the center armrest box.

The working principle of a car air purifier consists of several components, including a negative ion generator, a micro fan, an air filter, and other systems. The micro fan circulates the air in the car, and the polluted air passes through PM2.5 filters and activated carbon to filter or absorb various pollutants. The air then passes through the negative ion generator, which creates a constant negative high voltage during operation. This leads to the ionization of the air and the formation of a large number of negative ions, which are released into the air flow through the micro fan to further clean and purify the air.

PM2.5 are particulate matter in the atmosphere with a diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 microns. They are so small that the diameter of each particle is less than 1/20 the thickness of a human hair. These particulate matter can penetrate into the lungs and cause great harm to human health, especially to sensitive groups of the population. Therefore, some car manufacturers install PM2.5 filters, which can be built into the air conditioning system of the car or be an external type built into the front center armrest. PM2.5 filters help improve the air quality inside the car and protect the health of passengers.

A negative ion generator is a device that creates negative ions in the air. To operate the device, the input voltage is passed through an EMI processing circuit and a lightning protection circuit, then passed through a pulse circuit and other upgrade lines to produce high voltage AC. This voltage is then rectified and filtered to produce a clean negative high voltage DC.

A discharge tip made of metal or carbon elements is used to create a high corona and release a large number of high-speed electrons (e-). However, electrons cannot exist in the air for long (the lifetime of existing electrons is only a few nanoseconds), so they are quickly captured by oxygen molecules (O2), which leads to the generation of negative ions in the air.

There is usually a separate switch on the air conditioner panel to turn on the negative ion generator, and in some cars, this device is integrated into the fragrance system.

The car aromatization device allows the aroma to be evenly distributed inside the car through the air conditioner. The intensity of the smell can be adjusted depending on the desired intensity. Usually, cars are equipped with some perfumes suitable for a given model, but car owners can replace or supplement the smells according to their preferences.

Car refrigerators are refrigerators that can be installed and used in a car during a trip. They are usually used in luxury cars, as they are quite expensive. They are usually placed behind the center armrest of the rear seats, although some models can be installed under the center armrest of the front seats. Thus, car refrigerators allow you to keep food fresh and cool during a trip.

The window pinch prevention function is an important safety measure designed to protect car users from possible injuries and damage. When closing the electric door and window glass, this function allows the glass to automatically stop when it hits an obstacle or change the direction of the glass from up to down to avoid being pinched.

This function uses current sensors that continuously monitor the speed of the window glass motor. When the motor speed slows down, the sensor transmits information to the ECU (electronic control unit), which in turn sends a command to the relay to change the direction of the current. This can cause the motor to stop or the glass to change its direction, which provides protection against window pinch.

Soundproof glass is a special glass that has the ability to insulate sound. It is usually a laminated glass, which is made up of several layers with a soundproof damping adhesive in the middle. The soundproof film plays a key role in attenuating and filtering sound. The softer and more elastic the soundproof film is, the more it can enhance the sound insulation and damping coefficient of the laminated glass, which improves the sound insulation. Usually, vehicles use soundproof glass in the front row, rear row, or the entire car.

The rear view mirrors, which are located on the left and right sides of the car, are a very important safety feature. There are two types of adjustment - manual and automatic. Today, most cars on the market are equipped with electrically adjustable outside rear view mirrors. In addition, some models may have electrically folding mirrors, mirror memory settings, heated mirrors, automatic lowering of mirrors when reversing and the ability to lock the car. Also possible are functions such as automatic folding mirrors, automatic anti-glare coating and many others.

The interior rearview mirror is an important configuration that provides the driver with the ability to observe the situation behind the car. There are two types of rearview mirrors: manual anti-glare and automatic anti-glare. In modern cars, rearview mirrors are integrated with many functions, such as rearview image, compass, traffic recorder and others. In addition, some cars are equipped with a streaming rearview mirror, which combines the camera function with the traditional rearview mirror and projects real-time images onto the mirror surface. The advantage of this system is to increase the viewing range to 80 °, which is conducive to driving and parking safety. At present, cars equipped with streaming rearview mirrors are rare, but the streaming rearview mirror in the Cadillac CT6 can be used as an example.

A rear sunshade is a device that is installed on the rear window of a car to block ultraviolet rays coming from the rear of the car. It is an effective configuration that is aimed at driving safety. The rear sunshade can be manual or electric.

A manual rear sunshade works by manually pulling and locking it in place. An electric sunshade, on the other hand, has an electric motor that operates the sunshade using buttons on the remote control. Electric rear sunshades are more convenient and offer more protection than manual ones.

A rear side sunshade is a protective device installed on the side windows of a car door to block harmful ultraviolet radiation from the outside. Depending on the control method, side window sunshades are divided into manual and electric. Electric side window sunshades are usually installed on premium cars.

The rear side privacy glass is a double-sided coated glass that darkens all windows on the rear of the vehicle. This solution provides increased privacy and protection from the sun's rays. Previously, this configuration was widely used only in high-end cars and commercial vehicles, but with the development of production technologies, this configuration is becoming more and more accessible and popular in the segment of comfortable cars for the mass consumer.

A vanity mirror in a car is a mirror installed in the sun visor in front of the driver and passenger. Some budget models may not have vanity mirrors or may only be accessible to the second passenger. However, most models have vanity mirrors on both sides and are equipped with lighting. To use the vanity mirror, you need to lower the sun visor and lift the mirror cover, which automatically turns on the lighting. When the mirror cover is closed, the lighting turns off. Some high-end models may also have rear vanity mirrors for the convenience of rear passengers. The configuration of the vanity mirrors in a car may vary depending on the model and equipment level.

A rear wiper is a device used to clean the rear windshield of a car. Providing good visibility and safety during rainy or snowy weather.

An inductive wiper is a mechanism that uses a rain sensor to detect the size of raindrops, automatically adjusts the wiper speed, and provides the driver with a good view on rainy days, thereby improving driving safety. There are two types of sensing brushes: optical and capacitive sensors. The optical sensor works on the principle of light refraction, which measures the amount of light reflected from the windshield to determine the presence of rain. The capacitive sensor uses the difference in permittivity between water and glass by placing parallel metal plates in the shape of fingers between the inner and outer layers of the windshield. When the windshield gets wet, the permittivity of the windshield changes, allowing the sensor to determine the presence of rain. Installing a capacitive sensor on the outer surface of the windshield can lead to problems such as rapid wear of the metal coating from the wipers.

In winter, at low temperatures, the water nozzle of the car may freeze, which will lead to a disruption in the process of spraying water onto the glass. To solve this problem, a water nozzle with a heating function can be used, allowing you to restore normal operation by melting ice. When using a car in cold winter conditions, the presence of a water nozzle heating function is a very practical and useful solution.

Low beam is used to illuminate the road at a short distance from the vehicle. The design requirements for low beam headlights include a large viewing angle (160°), a short illumination distance, and the inability to adjust the light concentration. Depending on the type of light source, different low beam headlights can be used, including halogen, xenon, and LED.

On average, the low beam range is 30-40 meters. If the driver detects something on the road in the low beam zone at a speed of 55 km / h, he must immediately press the brakes, since the distance to stop the car is 30 meters. If the condition of the car, the road, and the driver's reaction are good, then stopping the car is possible without colliding with an object. However, if the speed is higher, the condition of the car or road is bad, or the driver's reaction time due to fatigue is long, this may lead to an accident. Therefore, the driver must control his speed when driving at night.

High beams are used to illuminate distant objects such as tall buildings, distant roads, or poor visibility. There are halogen, xenon, and LED high beams depending on the light source.

However, according to Article 48 of the Road Traffic Safety Law (China), high beams should not be turned on on roads with street lighting or other good visibility conditions. Vehicles that have turned on high beams must switch to low beams 150 meters before meeting another vehicle.

Incorrect use of high beams can pose great danger on the road:

1 When high beams are turned on, they can instantly blind the driver of an oncoming vehicle, which can lead to an accident;
2 When high beams are used by another vehicle, the driver's perception of speed, distance, and road width can be reduced;
3 When high beams are used by a vehicle behind them, the driver's judgment of the situation behind them can be affected.

Therefore, drivers must use high beams only in accordance with the rules and control their use so as not to create unnecessary danger on the road.

Initially, headlights were used only for illumination so that people could see in the dark. However, over time, they have become a stylistic element that allows you to express individuality.

One example of modern headlights are matrix headlights. They use LEDs grouped into components, each of which can be independently dimmed or switched off. This allows for precise control of the emission range, precise illumination, dynamic turn signals, and many other functional configurations to improve driving safety at night. Such headlights can be found in Audi vehicles.

Another example is geometric multi-beam headlights. They can quickly and accurately adjust their lighting mode to current road and traffic conditions, and intelligently calculate the best lighting effect. With the help of information provided by a camera located behind the windshield, the control unit can very quickly calculate the ideal lighting mode and even precisely control the switching on and off of each LED. Such headlights can be found in Mercedes-Benz vehicles.

Daytime running lights are lighting devices on the front of a vehicle that help other drivers, cyclists and pedestrians on the road to see the vehicle during the day. They are one category of signal lights.

When the driver starts the engine, the daytime running lights automatically turn on. This is done to attract the attention of other road users and to inform them of the presence of a moving vehicle.

When darkness falls and the driver turns on the low beam headlights, the daytime running lights automatically turn off. This way, the driver can control the lighting of his vehicle and at the same time maintain safety on the road so that other drivers and pedestrians can see his vehicle.

Adaptive high and low beam in cars means that when the driver turns on the headlights at night, the system automatically switches between high and low beam using a sensor that evaluates the location of other vehicles and pedestrians on the road. Typically, this sensor is a camera located on the inside of the windshield. This allows the driver to focus on the road without being distracted by constantly switching lights. Under normal driving conditions, the car is driven with high beams, and when the recognition system detects the headlights or taillights of other vehicles, it automatically switches to low beam. In addition, in brightly lit urban areas or when driving at low speeds, when high beams are not required, the system also automatically switches to low beams.

Automatic headlights have a light-sensitive control system that uses a light sensor to detect the brightness of the surrounding environment. The central intelligent control unit evaluates the data from the sensor and controls the automatic switching on or off of the headlights according to the change in the brightness of the surrounding environment while the car is moving.

When the light on the road becomes dim, the headlights automatically turn on to provide optimal visibility for the driver. When the light on the road becomes brighter, the headlights automatically turn off. This is convenient for drivers who may forget to turn on the headlights in the dark or in poor visibility conditions. It also ensures safety on the road by preventing possible accidents that may occur due to insufficient road illumination.

When the driver turns the steering wheel, cars turn on a group of lights on one side to help illuminate the blind spot when turning. Some cars use the front fog lights as auxiliary steering lights. Typically, auxiliary turning lights are separate bulbs located on the headlight cover. Steering lights are more expensive, but provide better illumination of blind spots when turning.

Front fog lights are mounted at the bottom of the front of the vehicle and are used to illuminate the road when driving in rainy and foggy weather, when visibility is limited. Yellow fog lights have a higher light transmittance than regular fog lights, which helps improve visibility for drivers and surrounding road users. Some vehicle models may use LED fog lights.

Front fog lights are usually bright yellow and their light lines are directed downwards. This helps prevent diffuse reflection of light in fog and effectively illuminates the road. In foggy weather, front and rear fog lights are usually used together.

Yellow is the color chosen for front fog lights because it is more penetrating than other colors and can penetrate very thick fog. In addition, the use of red fog lights may be misunderstood by other drivers because red usually means "no entry".

When driving at night in a city without fog, the front fog lights should not be used because they can blind other drivers. Some drivers may also mistakenly turn on the rear fog lights along with the front ones. This can blind the driver behind and negatively affect traffic safety.

Today, many cars do not have front fog lights. Instead, some car models are equipped with rain and fog modes to improve visibility in poor weather conditions such as rain and fog. Turning on this function can increase the radiating range of the car headlights and reduce the glare caused by the reflection of light in the fog.

In order to achieve better illumination on foggy days, the car's LED lamp group becomes brighter and the irradiation angle and radiating range are reduced, which reduces light scattering and makes it easier to see.

Adjustable headlight height means that the headlight can be adjusted to a specific angle at which it emits light. This is very important for road safety, because the correct beam angle can significantly improve visibility. There are two ways to adjust the headlight height: manual and automatic.

The automatic headlight height adjustment feature on some models does not have physical control buttons. Instead, the car automatically adjusts the beam angle based on feedback data such as sensors and body suspension. However, if the automatic adjustment fails or the beam angle is not accurate, it must be adjusted manually using special tools on the back of the headlight. In this case, you usually need to go to a professional car repair shop to perform the operation.

A headlight cleaning device is a hole under the headlights that allows you to clean the headlights from dust and dirt. Some advanced car models are equipped with this function.

A driver may face a problem when rain and dust on the headlights greatly impair visibility in the dark or in low light, which poses a safety hazard on the road. A headlight cleaning device provides a simple and effective solution to this problem.

There are two types of headlight cleaning: scraping/wiping and high-pressure cleaning. The high-pressure cleaning system is increasingly recognized for its hidden design, beautiful appearance and good cleaning effect. The cleaning efficiency depends on the distance between the nozzle and the light distribution mirror, the size of the sprayed water droplets, the contact angle, the speed of water spraying and the amount of water sprayed.

The headlight delay function, also called the "follow me home" function, allows the vehicle to keep the exterior lights on for a period of time after the driver has exited the vehicle and turned off the engine. This function can be useful in situations where the driver is exiting the vehicle in a dark place or needs to light the way to the entrance of the house.

When the headlight delay function is activated, the headlights remain on for a period of time, providing exterior lighting around the vehicle. This period of time is usually set by the vehicle owner, and may vary depending on the specific model. Overall, the headlight delay function can improve the safety of the driver and passengers, especially at night or in poor visibility conditions.

A car reading lamp is designed to provide additional lighting in the car interior. It is usually installed at the top of the driver's seat and the middle upper part of the rear seat. Most models have a push-button switch for the reading lamp, but some higher-spec cars may have a touch-sensitive reading lamp. This lamp turns on when you touch the touch-sensitive area, which creates a sense of luxury and comfort.

Ambient light in a car is a special type of lighting that has a decorative function. It is usually installed on the center console, door panels, roof and center aisle, using several light strips. Most often, ambient light is single-color, but there are also multi-color options that help create a varied and pleasant atmosphere in the car's interior.

The color screen located on the center console refers to the console display. It serves to display various content, such as information about the car audio system, navigation, vehicle data, rear view images, and more. Depending on the model and manufacturer, displays can be equipped with both single-touch LCD screens and multi-touch LCD screens.

The size of the control screen is an important parameter for the center console of the car, which determines the size of the LCD screen located in the middle of the console.

It is measured in inches and is usually calculated by the length of the diagonal of the screen. For example, a 7-inch screen has a diagonal length of 7 inches.

The larger the screen size, the more information can be displayed on it at the same time. Large screens allow more convenient control of various functions of the car, such as the audio system, navigation, car settings, etc.

In addition to the size of the screen, it is also important to consider its resolution. This is the number of pixels on the screen that determine the clarity and quality of the information displayed. The higher the resolution, the higher the quality of the image on the screen.

In general, the choice of the size of the control screen depends on the personal preferences and needs of the car owner. However, it should be taken into account that larger screens can be more convenient to use, but they can also be more expensive and take up more space on the center console.

GPS is a global positioning system used to determine the location of objects on Earth. The term GPS is an abbreviation for the English name of the system - Global Positioning System.

Although GPS was originally developed for military use, it quickly became widely used in civilian areas, including car navigation.

GPS operates on the basis of commercial communication satellites that cover the entire surface of the Earth. Each satellite emits signals that are received by GPS receivers installed in vehicles. GPS receivers process the signals and determine the location of the vehicle based on calculations of the time it takes for the signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver.

GPS navigation systems have become an integral part of modern vehicles, providing drivers with accurate and timely information about their location and direction of travel. GPS can help drivers choose the fastest and most convenient route, as well as warn them of road hazards such as traffic jams and accidents.

In-vehicle traffic information display is the process of displaying current traffic conditions, which may include congestion, speed, accidents, and other events, in real time on the navigation screen. This information helps drivers make informed decisions and choose the best route to avoid delays and inconveniences when traveling on the roads.

There are several ways to obtain real-time traffic information, including monitoring road surface induction coils, using cameras, an ultrasonic monitor, high-speed intersection monitoring equipment, GPS floating car technology, mobile phone data from a mobile phone network, and broadcasting road conditions using mobile phone software.

In vehicles, road condition navigation information is usually evaluated based on the last three types of data, which provide more accurate and timely information about the traffic situation. Displaying such information on the navigation screen allows drivers to make good decisions and find the most efficient route on the roads.

A map brand is a name that refers to different manufacturers of in-car mapping software. They provide map search and display services, and have many additional information queries and interactive features to enhance the user experience.

Different map brands have their own features and functions, which may vary depending on the manufacturer. For example, some brands may provide more detailed and accurate maps that include information on traffic, public transportation, and points of interest.

In addition, many map brands have routing features that help the driver choose the most efficient route, and travel features that provide information on places to visit in a particular area.

Map brands may also provide location information, such as the nearest gas stations, restaurants, or hotels. User comments and information sharing may also be available for some map brands, allowing users to get real-world feedback from other drivers.

The Roadside Assistance Call function is an important component of the vehicle system that allows the driver to call the emergency services with one click in the event of an accident. Typically, this button is located on the interior rearview mirror or on the roof of the front part of the vehicle. Thanks to this function, the driver can quickly call for help if necessary, which increases safety on the roads.

Bluetooth in the car is a technology that allows a mobile phone to be linked to the car system in a safe and convenient way. Bluetooth is used for wireless communication between the mobile phone and the car system, allowing the user to operate the mobile phone without being distracted from driving. It does not require cables or phone clips, which is convenient and safe.

The main functions of Bluetooth in the car include automatic mobile phone detection and wireless connection. The user can operate the mobile phone without taking their hands off the steering wheel or use voice commands. It is also possible to receive and make calls through the car stereo or a wireless Bluetooth headset.

When making a call through the car audio system, when there is an incoming or outgoing call, the audio system will automatically turn off and the sound will be transmitted through the speaker and microphone of the audio system. If the user chooses a wireless Bluetooth headset to make a call, then he can press the answer button when there is an incoming call to accept the call.

The car Bluetooth hands-free system guarantees high-quality communication and supports built-in Bluetooth modules and Bluetooth headsets for mobile phones of any manufacturer. This allows users to enjoy safe and convenient communication in the car without being distracted from driving and keeping both hands on the steering wheel.

Phone connection or mobile phone mapping is to transmit information such as navigation, video, music, and phone calls from a mobile phone to the central control screen in the car. It provides a more convenient way to use a mobile device in a car through the display.

To establish a connection, the mobile phone is connected to the car-to-car system via a data cable or Bluetooth, which allows it to be controlled through the central control screen. Usually, only a few specific functions are available, such as phone, navigation, music, etc. There are several popular software products on the market, such as Apple CarPlay and Baidu Carlife, which provide communication between the mobile device and the car.

The display of information on the central control screen is realized via Bluetooth or a data cable, and if the mobile phone has a vertical screen, the central control screen will also be vertical. If the mobile phone has a horizontal screen, the central control screen will also match this format. However, this method is not always ideal for the central control screen in the car.

In addition, some manufacturers provide original software for connecting mobile phones. The user must download the official software to his mobile phone and then connect it to the car system. However, this software has certain limitations and scalability.

With the expansion of the capabilities of car systems and the mobile Internet, more and more cars offer the user voice control functionality. This allows drivers to press the voice button on the steering wheel or make calls directly, as well as control the sound volume, adjust the air conditioning settings and request routes. This configuration is convenient for users.

With the development of technology, human-computer interaction in vehicles has changed. In addition to conventional physical buttons, touch buttons and voice control, vehicles are now equipped with gesture control. The gesture action is transmitted via a camera and a sensor, and then the corresponding function of the car is activated.

The working principle is to emit light through a 3D camera above the center console, which analyzes the changes in gestures according to the time difference between the light emission and the receiving device. After processing the data, the control unit calls the function corresponding to the recognized gesture, matches it with the preset gesture in the system and issues the corresponding command.

However, this technology requires extremely high-precision equipment to measure the difference in light propagation time. Currently, this technology is called "TOF" (Time of Flight) in the industry. The user can also customize their gestures by using the index and middle fingers to click in the air.

Despite the convenience of gesture control, there are still problems in accuracy, recognition range, use efficiency and replacement of traditional interaction in practical applications, which need to be further strengthened.

Facial recognition has become increasingly popular. The technology is used for a variety of purposes, from simply registering attendance to unlocking a mobile phone screen. Now, car manufacturers are also using facial recognition to authenticate drivers and confirm their identity, allowing preferences such as seat position, access to the multimedia system, etc. to be saved. Facial recognition improves security, privacy, and convenience.

The features available through facial recognition may vary depending on the vehicle model, so it is recommended to consult your vehicle's owner's manual for more information.

Car Internet configuration means that the car multimedia system has functions that allow you to connect to the mobile network and use the Internet, as well as use online navigation, view real-time information, listen to online music and perform other tasks.

A 4G/5G car network is a network installed on the vehicle hardware that uses the built-in SIM card of the wireless module to receive mobile data traffic. Depending on the hardware configuration, it can be a 4G network or a 5G network, which are compatible with each other. In essence, it is similar to our mobile phone, only without the voice and text message plan. Typically, this network is used to communicate with other devices that are also equipped with network capabilities, such as online navigation and streaming media.

OTA (Over the Air Technology) is a technology that allows automatic download of update packages and upgrades via a wireless network. The use of this technology allows mobile operators not only to provide voice and data services, but also to update software remotely, without the need to visit 4S stores or service centers.

Typically, the contents of an OTA update are packaged after re-testing by the manufacturer. The cloud server establishes a connection with the car via the cellular network and transfers the files. The OTA manager on the vehicle is responsible for managing these update files and confirming their delivery to the responsible person. The ECU of each module controls the device and returns the data to the server after the update is complete.

OTA updates are aimed at multimedia systems such as navigation, entertainment and comfort settings. However, some manufacturers, such as Tesla, use OTA technology to update driver assistance systems, powertrain management and other important components of the car.

Wi-Fi hotspots in cars are models that are equipped with 4G/5G networks. A built-in router is installed in the car, which builds a wireless network. To use Wi-Fi, it is necessary that the end equipment supports this function and it is possible to find the appropriate car network.

To connect to a wireless network in a car, you must enter a password and login. The difference between car Wi-Fi devices and consumer mobile Wi-Fi devices is their ability to operate in conditions of high data transfer rates, high temperatures and vibrations, which requires stricter requirements for device stability, sensitivity and ability to withstand harsh conditions.

The requirements for car Wi-Fi devices are to allow users to enjoy convenient network services in any conditions, even when driving at high speeds and in difficult climatic conditions.

A rear LCD screen is a screen that is installed in the rear of the vehicle, behind the front seat headrests or on the roof of the rear row. It is used to allow rear passengers to conveniently watch videos or other multimedia content. This is convenient because passengers can enjoy watching without having to turn their heads or disturb the driver and passengers in the front of the vehicle.

Rear Seat Multimedia Control allows rear seat passengers to control the vehicle's multimedia system through various controls such as the LCD screen, touch pad, or volume buttons. This is convenient for rear seat passengers as they can select and control video, music, and other vehicle multimedia functions without having to reach out to the driver.

The media/charging interface is an interface used to connect external devices to the car's multimedia system and charge these devices. Some interfaces may also support the audio input function from external sources. There are various media/charging interfaces that are widely used in the automotive industry, including USB, AUX, SD, HDMI, Type-c and others. However, some interfaces, such as the charging interface, may not support the audio input function.

A car CD/DVD is a multimedia device that allows you to play CDs or DVDs in your car. This feature is usually available in higher-end cars.

With the increasing use of electrical equipment, the need for charging in the car is gradually increasing. In order to meet the power consumption needs of more powerful car devices, 220V/230V power supplies are gradually installed in cars in addition to the traditional 12V power supply. Generally, the 220V/230V power interface is located under the rear of the central armrest. In this way, users can connect various electrical equipment that requires more power to it.

The configuration with a 12V power port in the trunk is very popular and practical in mid- to high-end SUVs, as well as some hatchbacks and sedans. This port is usually located on the left and right sides of the trunk and can be used to power various car devices such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, and air pumps. However, it should be noted that using high-power electrical devices on this port can lead to energy loss, so you should avoid using such devices on this power interface.

As people's standard of living increases, so do the demands on the sound effect in cars. Depending on the price, cars from different manufacturers can be equipped with speakers from different brands. Some car manufacturers have permanent partnerships with speaker manufacturers.

Bose - A brand of acoustic systems founded in 1964 in the USA. They specialize in producing high-quality sound systems for cars.
Harman Kardon - This brand was founded in the USA in 1953 and is one of the leaders in the production of sound systems for cars. They also produce acoustic systems for home theaters, stereo systems, and other electronic devices.
JBL - This brand was founded in 1946 in the USA and is a subsidiary of Harman Kardon. They specialize in producing sound systems for cars and other electronic devices.
Alpine - A brand of acoustic systems founded in Japan in 1967. They produce a wide range of sound systems, including acoustic systems for cars, navigation systems, and other electronic devices.
Pioneer - This brand was founded in Japan in 1938. They are one of the leaders in the production of car audio systems, stereo systems, headphones and other electronic devices.
Focal - A speaker brand founded in France in 1979. They produce a wide range of sound systems including car speaker systems, headphones, stereo systems and other electronic devices.
Infinity - This brand was founded in the United States in 1968. They produce car sound systems, home audio and video devices, and portable speakers.
JVC - This brand was founded in Japan in 1927. They specialize in producing car audio systems, video devices and other electronic devices.
Kenwood - A speaker brand founded in Japan in 1946. They produce car audio systems, stereo systems.
Sony - A Japanese company founded in 1946 is known for its high-quality audio technology, including car speaker systems.
It is definitely worth noting that the list of brands is not exhaustive and there are many other companies that also produce car audio systems.

The number of audio speakers in a car is an important parameter that usually depends on the trim level and price of the car. Cars with lower trim levels usually have fewer speakers, while cars with higher price ranges and trim levels may have more advanced speaker systems with more speakers.

In addition, some car models provide a choice of brand and number of speakers to meet the needs of sound quality. For example, some car manufacturers offer the option of installing audio systems from well-known manufacturers such as Bose, Harman Kardon or Bang & Olufsen to ensure high-quality sound in the car.

It is also worth noting that the number of speakers is not always the main indicator of the sound quality of a car. An important factor is also the placement and tuning of the speakers, as well as the quality of the materials used to make the speaker system.

Remote control of mobile applications refers to independent applications for mobile devices that are developed by OEMs after a car has joined networks used to implement functions such as vehicle information query, remote control, and interaction with the community of car owners.

Car owners can check the status of the car, remotely control it, schedule service, and call for assistance through a mobile application. For example, if the sun is very hot in the summer, the temperature inside the car may reach an uncomfortably high level. In this case, turning on the air conditioning in advance so that the car has time to cool down to an acceptable level is a very practical solution.

When it comes to car seat materials, the first choice is between fabric, faux leather, and real leather. Each of these materials has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the final choice may depend on your needs and preferences.

Fabric seats are usually the most affordable option and can be easy to clean and remove stains. However, they may be less durable and not as luxurious as their leather counterparts. Faux leather, also known as "eco leather," is a more durable material than fabric and usually has a more luxurious feel. Some manufacturers make faux leather so similar to real leather that you can tell the difference based on feel alone. However, faux leather can be slipperier to the touch, which is not always a pleasant experience.

Real leather is considered the most luxurious and expensive material for car seats. It usually looks great and is durable, but can be more difficult to maintain and resistant to damage. Leather can maintain its appearance for a long time, giving the car owner a feeling of luxury and comfort.

There are several common types of leather that are used in the automotive industry. For example, Nappa leather is the top layer of cowhide leather, which has a soft and smooth texture and is often used in luxury cars. Designo seat is a top quality leather seat with a delicate and soft texture, which is often used in Mercedes-Benz models. Dakota leather is usually used on BMW sports models, as it is more rigid and has a high training effect. Artico leather is an artificial leather used in budget models.

When you are driving a car, a regular seat provides you with comfort, but it cannot cope with the centrifugal force that occurs during lateral acceleration in a turn. This can lead to a serious tilt of the driver's body and a deterioration in control of the car. In such situations, sports car seats can improve the safety of the driver and passengers.

Sports-style seats are specially designed to dynamically respond to the body of the driver and passengers during fast driving. They have reinforced backrests and cushions that provide good lateral support for the waist, shoulders and back of a person during turns. In addition, the seat itself is more rigid to effectively cope with the centrifugal force that occurs during lateral acceleration and to improve the feeling of the tires gripping the road.

This provides more precise control of the vehicle, which can improve safety when driving at high speeds. Sports seats can be especially useful for powerful sports cars, where high speeds and sharp turns can create a lot of force on the driver's body and deteriorate control of the car.

Modern car seats must meet two basic requirements: be comfortable and be adjustable. Adjustment allows the driver to set the seat to the best position to ensure the best view and convenient control of the steering wheel, pedals, gearshift lever, etc. Typically, there are two types of adjustment: manual and electric. Manual adjustment is done manually, usually using levers and buttons located on the sides of the seat. Electric adjustment is done using electric motors that control the position of the seat. Depending on the direction of adjustment, seats can be divided into front and rear adjustment, height adjustment, backrest adjustment, waist adjustment, shoulder adjustment, leg resistance adjustment, etc. The more directions and details of adjustment, the higher the cost of the car and the higher the level of its equipment.

Modern car seats must meet two basic requirements: be comfortable and be adjustable. Adjustment allows the driver to set the seat to the best position to ensure the best view and convenient control of the steering wheel, pedals, gearshift lever, etc. Typically, there are two types of adjustment: manual and electric. Manual adjustment is done manually, usually using levers and buttons located on the sides of the seat. Electric adjustment is done using electric motors that control the position of the seat. Depending on the direction of adjustment, seats can be divided into front and rear adjustment, height adjustment, backrest adjustment, waist adjustment, shoulder adjustment, leg resistance adjustment, etc. The more directions and details of adjustment, the higher the cost of the car and the higher the level of its equipment.

Electric seat adjustment means that you can adjust the driver or passenger seat position using electric buttons. This is more convenient than manual adjustment because you can adjust the seat position without much effort. This is especially useful for high-end cars, which often have electric seats. Electric seat adjustment includes forward and backward position, up and down height, and seatback angle. In more luxurious models, you can also adjust the leg support and lumbar support.

With the increasing demand for comfort in cars, more and more cars are equipped with heated, ventilated and massage seats.

1- Heated seats use an electric wire located in the seat to heat the inside of the seat and transfer the heat to the passenger through thermal conductivity. This reduces the feeling of discomfort caused by cold seats in the winter months. Heated seats are usually installed on cars with leather seats to prevent the feeling of cold when sitting on a cold surface. Seat heating can be front or rear, and has adjustable temperature functions.

2- The seat ventilation system works by blowing cool air through small holes in the seat cushion and back to prevent sweat from accumulating on the buttocks and back and provide a comfortable environment while driving. Seat ventilation can also be front or rear and have different types of air supply and suction.

3- Seat massage is usually available on high-end cars. It uses a pneumatic device to change the pressure in the air chambers located in the rear of the seat. An electronic oscillator controls the change in air pressure according to a preset program to create a massage effect. The seat massage can also be front or rear.

Overall, all these features are aimed at improving comfort and convenience during the trip, especially on long trips or in adverse weather conditions.

An electric seat with memory is a function that allows you to memorize a specific seat position and automatically adjust it using control buttons. Not only can such a seat be adjusted mechanically like a regular electric seat, but it can also adapt to the needs of different drivers by memorizing their sitting position and reproducing it on subsequent trips.

Models with seat memory usually also have a memory function for the outside rearview mirrors, but sometimes there are exceptions. In addition, seat memory can be divided into four types: main driver, front row and entire car, with two to three sets of memory usually available. This means that several drivers can adjust the seats to their liking and save their position, which can be easily restored using the memory function.

The rear row of co-pilot seats is an important part of the comfort and luxury of the car. It usually has an electric adjustment, which is called the "boss button". This feature allows the rear passengers to control the position of the co-pilot seat by moving it forward and backward, as well as adjusting the angle of the backrest.

The electric adjustment of the rear row of seats improves the comfort of passengers and allows them to adjust the seat to their individual needs. The rear row of co-pilot seats can be useful for families with children to provide more space for games and entertainment in the back seat.

The boss button can also be useful for passengers who are larger in size and who need more space to comfortably fit in the car. In addition, some car models allow the co-pilot seat to be rotated 180 degrees, which makes it even more convenient to use.

Overall, the electric adjustment of the rear row of co-pilot seats is an important component of the comfort and luxury of the car, allowing the rear passengers to control the position of the seat for a more comfortable fit.

The second row seats in the car can be adjusted manually or electrically. This feature allows you to change the position of the front and rear seats, as well as adjust the height, angle of the backrest, waist, shoulders and legs according to the preferences and needs of the users.

In some models of minivans, the second row seats can also rotate, which meets the needs of more users in the seats. This significantly increases the comfort and convenience of passengers, especially on long trips.

In addition, the electric drive of the second row seats can have additional functions such as position memory, which allows you to save the seat settings for each user and quickly restore them on demand.

With the increasing demand for comfort in cars, more and more cars are equipped with heated, ventilated and massage seats.

1- Heated seats use an electric wire located in the seat to heat the inside of the seat and transfer the heat to the passenger through thermal conductivity. This reduces the feeling of discomfort caused by cold seats in the winter months. Heated seats are usually installed on cars with leather seats to prevent the feeling of cold when sitting on a cold surface. Seat heating can be front or rear, and has adjustable temperature functions.

2- The seat ventilation system works by blowing cool air through small holes in the seat cushion and back to prevent sweat from accumulating on the buttocks and back and provide a comfortable environment while driving. Seat ventilation can also be front or rear and have different types of air supply and suction.

3- Seat massage is usually available on high-end cars. It uses a pneumatic device to change the pressure in the air chambers located in the rear of the seat. An electronic oscillator controls the change in air pressure according to a preset program to create a massage effect. The seat massage can also be front or rear.

Overall, all these features are aimed at improving comfort and convenience during the trip, especially on long trips or in adverse weather conditions.

A rear table in luxury cars and minivans provides convenient storage for rear seat passengers. It is usually located on the back of the first row seat and can be raised and lowered depending on the needs. This allows for flexibility in the use of space and creates a more comfortable environment for rear passengers.

A rear table can be made of various materials such as plastic, wood or metal and may have various features including built-in USB ports or power outlets that make it easy to charge devices and connect to the internet. Additionally, some models may have integrated cup holders and holders for pens and other small items to prevent them from sliding and getting damaged.

A rear table is a popular feature that adds convenience and luxury to luxury cars and minivans. It can be used for working, reading or for placing food and drinks during a trip and provides a convenient option for passengers who spend a lot of time in the back row of seats.

The second row of independent seats is a second row arrangement with two individual seats instead of the traditional three, which allows for more space for rear passengers. With this arrangement, the second row of seats is usually used in mid-size and large class vehicles such as minivans, SUVs, and some luxury vehicles. The space between the individual second row seats can also be used as a passage to the rear row, making access to the third row more convenient. This arrangement can increase the comfort of rear passengers, as each seat has more space and allows them to enjoy the ride in a more relaxed and comfortable environment.

There are two main types of rear seat recline: proportional and shared recline. Proportional recline means that the rear seats are divided into two sections in a 4/6 or 4/2/4 ratio, allowing each section to be adjusted independently of the other. This provides more comfort and flexibility for passengers, as they can adjust their seats to suit their needs.

The other type of recline, called shared recline, involves the rear seats recline entirely in one plane. Shared recline is most common in three-row vehicles, where the rear row typically folds down to create a large cargo area.

In addition, the rear seats can be easily folded down to increase storage space. This makes it easy to fit large or very long items, such as sports equipment, furniture, or long, flat boxes. Overall, the reclining rear seats and the ability to fold them down provide additional vehicle flexibility and functionality for passengers and owners.

The electric folding rear seat is an innovative solution that allows you to fold the second or third row of seats electrically, which is a more economical and advanced option than manual folding. This configuration is usually found in luxury SUVs, minivans, and other models where passenger comfort is a priority. Compared to manual folding, the electric rear seat allows you to maintain a more spacious interior of the car, as well as provide convenience for passengers. In addition, this feature can be very useful for loading and unloading large items or luggage.

The center armrest is a structure located between the two seats that provides convenience and comfort to the driver and passengers during the trip. It has two main configurations: front and rear center armrest.

The front center armrest is located between the front seats of the car. This type of armrest usually has built-in cup holders, storage areas, and other useful features to meet the needs of front row passengers.

The rear center armrest is located between the rear seats of the car and usually slides out to provide additional elbow support for rear passengers. Some models may also offer cup holders and storage bins located on the center armrest of the rear seat. Luxury cars may also have interactive audio and video control systems integrated into the rear center armrest.

The center armrest design can significantly improve the comfort level of passengers during long trips by providing a comfortable place to rest their arms and additional storage space for important items.

The rear cup holder is an optional accessory installed in the designated cup holder area in the rear row of the vehicle. It is usually located on the center armrest of the rear seat, allowing convenient access to drinks for passengers in the rear seat. However, in some vehicles, the cup holder is located behind the center armrest of the front row, which is also convenient for use by passengers in the rear seat.

For vehicles with a third row of seats, third row cup holders are usually included, which can be installed on the center armrests in the third row. In this way, passengers in the third row can also comfortably enjoy drinks during the trip.

A cup holder with a heating/cooling function is a device that can heat or cool a glass of water inside. It differs from ordinary cup holders by the presence of an aluminum coating on the surface. While ordinary cup holders, the surface of which is filled with plastic and rubber, are used only to hold a cup of water.

The principle of operation of such a cup holder is based on the use of the Peltier effect. The metal and the semiconductor are in contact. When electrons move from the metal to the semiconductor, they need to overcome the potential barrier, and this requires a certain amount of energy, which leads to an endothermic phenomenon. Conversely, when electrons move from the semiconductor to the metal, the same energy is released.

A ceramic sheet supplied with direct current can be heated on one side and cooled on the other side. Changing the direction of the current can swap heat and cold.

For the best cooling of a cup holder with an adjustable temperature, it is recommended to use a radiator located under the ceramic sheet. In addition, a cooling fan is installed nearby, which blows on the vents located on both sides of the center console.

Not all car drink heating/cooling functions use the Peltier effect. Designers can provide users with convenience through the ingenious placement of the air conditioning outlet pipes. The glove box can work as a heating/cooling. Air from the air conditioner flows into the glove box, where a simple rotary valve is used to control the opening and closing of the hot and cold air ducts. This allows you to control the temperature of the drinks.

The media/charging interface is an interface used to connect external devices to the car's multimedia system and charge these devices. Some interfaces may also support the audio input function from external sources. There are various media/charging interfaces that are widely used in the automotive industry, including USB, AUX, SD, HDMI, Type-c and others. However, some interfaces, such as the charging interface, may not support the audio input function.

A car CD/DVD is a multimedia device that allows you to play CDs or DVDs in your car. This feature is usually available in higher-end cars.

With the increasing use of electrical equipment, the need for charging in the car is gradually increasing. In order to meet the power consumption needs of more powerful car devices, 220V/230V power supplies are gradually installed in cars in addition to the traditional 12V power supply. Generally, the 220V/230V power interface is located under the rear of the central armrest. In this way, users can connect various electrical equipment that requires more power to it.

The configuration with a 12V power port in the trunk is very popular and practical in mid- to high-end SUVs, as well as some hatchbacks and sedans. This port is usually located on the left and right sides of the trunk and can be used to power various car devices such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, and air pumps. However, it should be noted that using high-power electrical devices on this port can lead to energy loss, so you should avoid using such devices on this power interface.

As people's standard of living increases, so do the demands on the sound effect in cars. Depending on the price, cars from different manufacturers can be equipped with speakers from different brands. Some car manufacturers have permanent partnerships with speaker manufacturers.

Bose - A brand of acoustic systems founded in 1964 in the USA. They specialize in producing high-quality sound systems for cars.
Harman Kardon - This brand was founded in the USA in 1953 and is one of the leaders in the production of sound systems for cars. They also produce acoustic systems for home theaters, stereo systems, and other electronic devices.
JBL - This brand was founded in 1946 in the USA and is a subsidiary of Harman Kardon. They specialize in producing sound systems for cars and other electronic devices.
Alpine - A brand of acoustic systems founded in Japan in 1967. They produce a wide range of sound systems, including acoustic systems for cars, navigation systems, and other electronic devices.
Pioneer - This brand was founded in Japan in 1938. They are one of the leaders in the production of car audio systems, stereo systems, headphones and other electronic devices.
Focal - A speaker brand founded in France in 1979. They produce a wide range of sound systems including car speaker systems, headphones, stereo systems and other electronic devices.
Infinity - This brand was founded in the United States in 1968. They produce car sound systems, home audio and video devices, and portable speakers.
JVC - This brand was founded in Japan in 1927. They specialize in producing car audio systems, video devices and other electronic devices.
Kenwood - A speaker brand founded in Japan in 1946. They produce car audio systems, stereo systems.
Sony - A Japanese company founded in 1946 is known for its high-quality audio technology, including car speaker systems.
It is definitely worth noting that the list of brands is not exhaustive and there are many other companies that also produce car audio systems.

The number of audio speakers in a car is an important parameter that usually depends on the trim level and price of the car. Cars with lower trim levels usually have fewer speakers, while cars with higher price ranges and trim levels may have more advanced speaker systems with more speakers.

In addition, some car models provide a choice of brand and number of speakers to meet the needs of sound quality. For example, some car manufacturers offer the option of installing audio systems from well-known manufacturers such as Bose, Harman Kardon or Bang & Olufsen to ensure high-quality sound in the car.

It is also worth noting that the number of speakers is not always the main indicator of the sound quality of a car. An important factor is also the placement and tuning of the speakers, as well as the quality of the materials used to make the speaker system.

Remote control of mobile applications refers to independent applications for mobile devices that are developed by OEMs after a car has joined networks used to implement functions such as vehicle information query, remote control, and interaction with the community of car owners.

Car owners can check the status of the car, remotely control it, schedule service, and call for assistance through a mobile application. For example, if the sun is very hot in the summer, the temperature inside the car may reach an uncomfortably high level. In this case, turning on the air conditioning in advance so that the car has time to cool down to an acceptable level is a very practical solution.